In Llívia there is the only winery in Cerdanya that makes four transgressive white wines that are sold almost all in Catalonia

LlíviaOnce you arrive in Llívia, leave behind the streets and the bell tower and head out across the fields, there is Llivins, the winery that has two hectares planted with Sauvignon Blanc and that produces four white wines, four thousand bottles in total depending on the year. As soon as you observe the vineyards, you see that you are among different vines: they are protected by rigid meshes, which cover the entire plant, just as is sometimes done with apple trees. It is a resource to combat hailstorms, especially frequent in summer, which would damage the grapes. And another detail: the grapes have not yet been harvested. Not until well into October will they do so. The result of all this is four transgressive wines, just as the producers planned from the beginning, which are made at altitude, at 1,225 meters. The retail prices range between 25 and 48 euros, and they are not assigned to any designation of origin.

It all began in 2012 when winemakers and couple Anna Baqués Almirall and Isaac Rigau Espiell, with experience in harvests in the southern and northern hemispheres and a passion for the mountains, decided together with Marcel Cardeña, Xavi Domingo and Rosa Españó to start the adventure that has today become a benchmark in high-altitude wines. From the winery, which in summer has a wine bar where the four wines can be tasted with tapas, one can clearly observe the vineyards, framed by the mountains, where the Puigmal, the two peaks of the Pedraforca and more stand out.Planting vines in Cerdanya twenty years ago was a rarity “and it still is today”, explain Isaac and Anna. “Now there is more open talk about climate change”, with the temperatures this summer it is clear that the vine suffers, and Cerdanya has always had unique characteristics in the Pyrenees. But, let's be clear, it is also all more complex. “If we hadn't had a passion for the mountains and for viticulture, we probably wouldn't be here”, they say. They also add their experience in vineyards from all over the world. “In the Alps there is a valley, the Aosta Valley, very similar to Cerdanya, where viticulture had traditionally been practiced, and this fact also convinced us”, they explain. The fact is that Cerdanya is the only valley in the entire Pyrenees that is oriented from east to west, and this fact, combined with its height and width, results in 3,500 hours of sun in a year. To continue, the land is fertile, has gentle slopes, and the Foehn effect occurs there, which is the mass of dry and warm air that reaches Cerdanya after it has discharged on the western side of the Pyrenees. It is what makes the valley have a dry climate with less precipitation, a fact that goes very well for the vine, because it keeps away diseases derived from humidity such as fungi. And yet another favorable factor related to the climate: the thermal jump between day and night, which can reach fifteen degrees in summer. “The contrast in temperature also favors the quality of the grape, because it matures slowly and progressively”, they affirm. If the fruit matures little by little, then it will have a good balance between sugars and acidity. All this theory is what the winemakers had in mind when they decided with their partners to plant vines in Llívia. And they did it. It was in the years 2011 and 2012. In Cerdanya there are other vine plantations; in the past there had also been some, and in recent years, more. In 1926 the geographer Pau Vila already made reference to the Cerdanya vineyard, so they are not "innovators" with the vine in the valley, but they were the first ones who also built the winery next to the vineyards, to do the whole process next to them. They are still the only ones.

Wine from grapes harvested below zero degrees

When they were planting the vineyard, they were clear that they wanted to produce ice wine, an international category of wines, which consists of harvesting frozen grapes, with temperatures between -5° and -9°. "We thought it made sense to do it in Cerdanya, because at night there is that drop in temperatures," they comment. This ice wine and all, four in total, are monovarietals of Sauvignon Blanc, which is a variety that has a short vegetative cycle, and this means that with few hours of sun it has ripe grapes. "In climates like that of Cerdanya, the usual varieties are Pinot Noir for red wines, Riesling, and Gewürztraminer. You find Sauvignon Blanc in different parts of the world, but the terroir and the climate make different wines, because it allows for many ranges of production." According to the winemakers, they also opted for it because that is when they decided on Cerdanya and high-altitude viticulture, which means more difficulty. They wanted to make wines different from those found on the market. "In viticulture, it is said that one hundred meters of altitude corresponds to one hundred kilometers in north latitude. Therefore, being in Llivins is equivalent to being a thousand kilometers to the north," they comment. That is to say, the way of understanding the vineyard with this altitude and north latitude is very different: hence the freshness of the wines, the natural acidity, and the long aging that can be done. "Traditionally, we have consumed white wines from the current year, but in Cerdanya, since we start with grapes with an acidity balanced with sugars, the wines have much more longevity, in aging," they point out.

The monovarietal wines they produce are the Blanc Dneu, at 12 degrees, and the Blanc Dgel, with frozen grapes, at 15 degrees. To make them, there are two types of harvest: on one hand, the traditional one and, on the other, the one done by letting the grapes over-ripen starting in October, when the cold arrives. “Then the leaves turn yellow and fall, and therefore, the grapes dehydrate; the dehydration concentrates the sugars, and at night, when temperatures are between 4 and 7 degrees below zero, is when we harvest”. The grapes are completely frozen and they take them to the winery, right next to the vineyards, to begin pressing them. “It is a little nectar, extremely sweet, with a very low yield, which usually is 10%”. Afterwards, they ferment it, and the result is the Blanc Dgel. In total, they produce four wines: two dry and two sweet, the ice wines, which they maintain can be drunk as aperitifs, from the beginning of a meal. The second ice wine is the Floc Dgel, which they age in small barrels for fifteen months, a fact that provides it with toasted, very delicious flavors. “We make the ice wines with grapes that have a lot of sugar but also good acidity because they have frozen, which is why we achieve a good balance on the palate of the two flavors”. They have 15 degrees, about 80 grams of sugar, approximately, and good acidity that balances them; hence why the producers recommend them for savory dishes and not just as sweet wines taken with desserts.

To conclude, Anna Baqués and Isaac Rigau define themselves as restless. “Perhaps there is no winery as small as ours that has two winemakers,” they say. 30% of the four thousand bottles are sold in the Cerdanya region itself, and the rest in other Catalan counties. Occasionally they have export requests, but that is it, occasionally. “Making wine in Cerdanya is humility and recognizing that you have a lot to learn; you have no mentor to help you, you start from scratch and everything is a challenge.” There is no machinery that anyone can lend them, nor advice from other wineries, because (although there is indeed planted vineyard that belongs to other producers) they are alone as winemakers. Perhaps for all these reasons, the Incavi has asked them to be able to plant, next to theirs, an experimental vineyard, with experimental grape varieties, to study their vegetative cycle, which involves several years of research. “Someday we will be able to make a wine from a unique variety that does not exist in the world,” they conclude.