1. The ECHR's decision regarding the presence of the Catalan language in the education system has probably been the hardest blow this issue has received since the TC's ruling against the 2006 Statute.

Leo XIV is back in the Vatican. In Madrid, they continue with the usual political and media rhythm. In Barcelona, the Sagrada Familia is full of tourists, traffic is as bad as ever, and in El Raval and Brians I, life, complicated and hard, continues on its way, as if nothing had happened. In the Canary Islands, dinghies with immigrants from Africa will continue to arrive; they will be well received by people of good faith, or they will be rejected by the official authorities and the xenophobes and racists embedded everywhere. Life goes on and a long summer awaits us, overwhelming with heat and political, social, and cultural unease, as if Leo XIV had never come.

It had not been long since the Constitutional Court's ruling on the new Statute, when Professor Marc Carrillo, a professor of constitutional law at the UPF and a great expert in the contemporary legal history of Spain, warned us, in a work meeting of the Research Group on the Francoist and Democratic Eras (GREFD-UAB; currently, Research Group on Dictatorships and Democracies, GReDD-UAB), that everything that referred to the Catalan language in the public sphere had come out profoundly affected. In non-legal terms, in this area of the TC ruling, the most radical and retrograde Spanish nationalism had prevailed, the kind that has always maintained, since imperial times (returned to the present and for which King Felipe VI does not have to apologize because, as a very beloved novelist in Spain wrote, his predecessors brought them urban planning, sewers, and something else) until our days (more than 500 years!), that the nation is founded on language and religion; that is, the Spanish language and the most rancid Catholicism. With Catholicism fallen into disgrace, the language remained (and remains). The final result was a foregone conclusion.

"Then came days of orgiastic slaughter. Jews from all over the region, families in carts, women pushing their children in strollers, trains full of Jews, columns of Jews on foot were being dragged into the city, by the hundreds, by the thousands, and were being massacred everywhere, in the streets, in the fields, alive. They were being shot, shot at, I saw a German officer approaching and looking at a pretty thirteen-year-old girl who had just gotten off a train. Mordecai Striegler, a Polish Jew, escapee from various camps and ghettos, was telling the American journalist Meyer Levin about his life and survival one April day in 1945 in Buchenwald.