Spanish households are among those that invest the least in capital markets (stocks, bonds, pension plans, and investment funds). The average per adult is 31,039 euros, 36% below the European Union (EU) average, which is 48,290 euros. And at a much greater distance from Denmark (116,334), Sweden (114,028), and the Netherlands (113,248). All three are countries with much more tradition for these investments and higher living standards than in Spain. These figures come from a study conducted by the Association for Financial Markets in Europe (AFME, which brings together banks, brokers, and financial institutions), where it highlights the need to boost the participation of households in European capital markets to mobilize savings towards productive investment and reinforce the European commitment to strategic autonomy.