The fuel crisis shaking Russia can be seen circulating through Moscow: at many gas stations there are queues of cars and trucks. Some longer than others; some stopped, others advancing regularly. What is happening? Is anything really happening? Ukrainian attacks against Russian refineries have become one of the newest – and until recently less visible – dimensions of the recent months of the war in Ukraine. Since 2022, and especially during this year, Kyiv has systematically hit Russian refining infrastructure. The goal is to weaken one of the main material bases of the Kremlin's war effort.