1. The evaporation of social democracy. Bad reason when things are not called by their name. And certainly social democracy, which had played a key role in the balance of European democracies, has been fading, dragged down by the conservative radicalization of liberal democracies. Lea Ipy (Tirana, 1979), professor at the London School of Economics, has long warned of this mutation of European socialist parties and the left in general. In her opinion, it was in the late 1970s that "the traditional social democratic parties moved away from representing citizens from the perspective of class and economic vulnerabilities." And yet, it was by this route that the Spanish socialists came to power (1982), combining ideological mutation with the democratic legitimacy that the Spanish right, partly emerging from Franco's regime, was barely seeking.