"For more than 50 years, towns like Berga and Cervera, along with their town festivals, commemorated the Third Carlist War," explains David Cao, a professor in the Department of History and Archaeology at the UB. "The struggles over the memory of Carlist commemorations within public spaces were very present until the Civil War; after that, they were completely buried, because the memorial landscape changed radically. This neglect leads to the maintenance of biased stereotypes or simplified visions," adds the historian who, together with the Patronat de la V y X, leads the Institut Ramon Muntaner, a research project on the material and symbolic memory left by the Third Carlist War in Catalonia. Cao does not consider Carlism to be an anecdotal or marginal movement, but rather a widespread phenomenon also in urban environments, since there were armed Carlist groups that operated in Mataró, Igualada, Terrassa, and Granollers. "The Carlist Wars are not only dynastic conflicts, but are part of a dialectic of revolution and counterrevolution that accompanies the construction of the contemporary world. Studying them helps us understand the politicization of the working classes, the construction of the liberal Spanish state, and the creation of collective imaginaries with the capacity for endurance," he adds.