The Clarity Act, passed by the Canadian federal Parliament in 2000, which granted Quebec a constitutional path to self-determination, was repeatedly invoked during the Catalan independence process as an alternative solution to the impasse we faced. Similarly, the speech by Canadian Liberal Prime Minister Mark Carney at the Davos meeting a month ago is opening a solid path toward what should be European self-determination to break free from the new framework of multipolar imbalance being established by the United States and China, with the indispensable collaboration of Russia.

The eurozone's gross domestic product (GDP) increased by 0.1% in the second quarter of the year, a period in which the Spanish economy led the growth among the eurozone countries with an expansion of 0.7%, matched only by Slovenia.