Pierre Vilar used to tell his students that "understanding the past means learning to read a newspaper." It seems like a simple phrase, but it's also a warning. To make it a reality, two conditions would be needed: a historical consensus born from memory and courageous newspapers that escape dogmatism and entrenched positions. Today, if we read the newspapers, what we discover is not only the persistent return of Francoism, but our inability to confront it head-on. If some young people read them, they might even find a benign and distorted view of history with complete impunity and shamelessness.

Torture is the intentional destruction of a human being at the hands of another. The methods used to inflict great pain and suffering vary, but they all have the same goal: to break the victim, destroy them as a person, and deny their human condition.