Talking about discipline in the classroom still opens a debate charged with emotions and often opposing perspectives. Just ask Mar Hurtado, president of the Rosa Sensat Teachers Association, after her remarks against discipline on the program. The Jungle on Catalan public television. Some associate it with memories of rigid authority, imposed silences, and severe punishments, while others claim it as an essential condition for learning. The truth is that, throughout the 20th and early 21st centuries, the concept of discipline in school has evolved as clearly as modern societies have.

When I was a child, the streets weren't paved. When it rained, the spaces between the buildings in the Sant Ildefons neighborhood of Cornellà were muddy. Today, there are few children.