The Russian invasion of Ukraine and the US withdrawal from European defense under Donald Trump have forced political parties to take a stand on defense policy. In Catalonia, as in the rest of Spain, left-wing parties oppose increasing the defense budget or reinstating mandatory military service. But what is the position of each party in the Catalan parliament on the main challenges facing the continent?

A growing trend in European politics is the disappearance of the center, which, as traditional two-party systems began to blur, had played a decisive role in building governing majorities, rounding out the votes of the winning bloc and generally, but not always, leaning toward the right. In France, centrist parties favored Gaullist majorities once the shadow of General de Gaulle had faded. And, in Europe in general, small centrist parties pivoted to tip the balance in favor of whichever came first.