In Catalonia, there are 508,000 people who, by law, have the exact same right as any neighbor to vote in municipal elections, but who next year will not be able to do so. The reason is not political but bureaucratic. This is how CIEMEN has explained it in a new report, The voting right of immigrants in Catalonia, coordinated by Gemma Pinyol-Jiménez with the Centre for Demographic Studies and the support of the Directorate General for Migration and Refugees, based on data from the Annual Population Census of 2025. These are 275,249 people with European nationality and 233,163 from countries with a reciprocity agreement with the Spanish state (the majority Latin Americans, such as Colombia and Peru).