Labor costs—the cost to the company of each employee, including salary and other expenses such as social security contributions—closed 2024 at historic highs in both Catalonia and Spain, according to a survey published Monday by the National Statistics Institute (INE). Specifically, labor costs in Catalonia averaged €3,483 at the end of the fourth quarter, after increasing by 2.6% compared to the last quarter of the previous year, while in Spain as a whole they averaged €3,258 per month, a 3.6% increase.