He only had a primary school certificate, but his humble origins did not prevent him from obtaining a doctorate at the Sorbonne, despite not having taken any courses. Nor did it prevent him from being a renowned writer and critic of avant-garde art and architecture in France. In addition, Michel Ragon (Marseille, 1924 – Suresnes, 2020) was an interesting and prolific scholar of anarchism, as demonstrated in the historical novel The memory of the vaincus (1990), The memory of the defeated in the Spanish translation published by La Oveja Roja in 2010.