The YouTubers And some social media profiles have found a new goldmine for generating discussion, tension, and therefore, more views for their content. The claim that young people (millennials and zetas) will have a much darker future than the present enjoyed by their parents and grandparents (boomersThis has reopened the debate surrounding the sustainability of pensions and a scenario of intergenerational conflict that is being particularly capitalized on by the far-right. That the system is under strain is something experts have been saying for years, but beyond the clashes between age groups, the question for the coming decades is different: how to guarantee pensions in the future?

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) announced on Monday that 147 countries have agreed to implement a global minimum tax for multinational corporations after years of negotiations, including a parallel regime that appeases the United States under Donald Trump. The OECD described it as a "juxtaposed solution" that represents "a major political and technical compromise that will lay the foundations for stability and legal certainty in the international tax system." It also ensures that the gains achieved during the long negotiation process, which led to an initial agreement in October 2021, are maintained. "It constitutes a historic decision in the area of international tax cooperation," said OECD Secretary-General Mathias Cormann. The new agreed-upon regime comes after the G-7 economies negotiated in June an exemption for US companies from some elements of the global agreement designed in 2021 to establish a minimum corporate tax, with a minimum effective rate of 15%. The United States had rejected it after Trump's return to the White House, threatening to impose "retaliation taxes" if it were applied to US companies. Following the G-7 agreement, the US government announced the withdrawal of these taxes from its draft budget legislation. With the agreement announced this Monday, the differentiated system for US companies will allow "the establishment of new protection regimes for multinational groups whose parent company is located in an eligible jurisdiction that meets minimum taxation criteria." This stems from a compromise reached at the end of June by the G-7 countries, which was criticized by Spain, allowing the US to maintain its regime on profits earned by its multinationals abroad. Beyond this particularly contentious issue, the agreement reached within the OECD includes other points, such as simplification measures that will reduce the cost to multinationals and tax authorities for calculating and reporting taxes. It also establishes "greater consistency" in tax incentive mechanisms and "an evidence-based balance to ensure a level playing field for all." These elements also affect the United States.

Half of preschool teachers in Spain do not read books to their students regularly. This is one of the conclusions of the latest TALIS Starting Strong report by the OECD, which analyzes the situation in schools regarding early childhood education. This year, for the first time, Spain participated. The study shows that only 55% of preschool teachers—that is, those with students between the ages of 3 and 6—read books to their students regularly. This percentage rises to 85% in the case of Ireland, which is by far the country with the highest rate of this type of classroom activity among the territories analyzed by the OECD. Turkey (69%), Sweden (68%), Chile (67%), and Japan (64%) complete the top of the ranking. Conversely, Morocco and Denmark (42%), Germany (46%), and Finland (48%) are at the bottom. Therefore, regarding the proportion of teachers who read books to their students, Spain is in the middle of the twenty or so countries on which the study focused. "There is a lot of international, but also national, evidence of the benefits of not only reading stories but also working on orality and discourse in early childhood, and even before the age of three," argues Pilar Prieto, ICREA researcher in the Department of Translation and Language Sciences at Pompeu Fabra University (UPF). Hence, Prieto insists on the need for the link between orality and literacy to be systematically addressed in all schools across the country.

Despite the global economic context marked by uncertainty and modest growth in most wealthy countries, Spain will maintain its momentum in 2025 and It will be one of the fastest growing economiesSince emerging from the Covid-19 pandemic, Spain has registered robust growth in almost all activities and sectors, driven by private household consumption—which remains the engine of the Spanish economy—the strong performance of the labor market, the recovery of the tourism sector, the arrival of European funds, and increased public spending. This is recognized by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in a new report. Economic study of Spain Published this Wednesday, the report revises GDP growth upwards for 2025 to 2.9%, and also for 2026 (2.2%). However, it's not all good news. Like any economy, Spain's also has pending tasks, the OECD points out, including fiscal consolidation. The organization focuses on deficit and debt levels and the need to reduce them. "Consolidation remains essential to steer gross public debt downwards in the medium term; comply with EU fiscal rules; adapt to increased defense spending, the aging population, and the green transition; and create room for spending that will boost the economy," the report summarizes. Therefore, the organization believes that Spain should implement a series of fiscal adjustments in terms of revenue and benefits (spending) to achieve this consolidation, that is, to strengthen sustainability and, above all, reduce public debt. Specifically, it estimates the need for adjustments at 0.4 percent of GDP: approximately 6.8 billion euros. On the revenue side (3.4 billion euros), it proposes broadening the VAT base or increasing revenue through environmental taxes. Regarding expenditure (an additional 3.4 billion euros), it focuses on pensions and the need for reform to contain spending in anticipation of the retirement of the next generation. baby boom –it again proposes measures such as linking benefits to life expectancy or extending the retirement calculation period to 35 years–. In any case, these are not new messages (they were already mentioned in the 2021 and 2023 economic study of Spain).

Teachers lack confidence in the training they have received. This is one of the main conclusions of the TALIS (Teaching and Learning International Survey) 2024 report, published by the OECD every five years and analyzing the state of education systems in more than 50 countries. According to this study, only 57% of secondary school teachers in Spain consider the initial training provided to future teachers—and, therefore, the training they themselves received—to be adequate. The international study admits that the proportion of Spanish teachers who hold this opinion "is well below" the OECD average (77%) and the European Union average (71%). The inevitable flip side of the percentage in Spain implies that almost half of secondary school teachers do not consider initial teacher training to be adequate.

In a global economic context marked by uncertainty and modest growth in many of the economies of wealthy countries, the Spanish economy appears to be emerging almost unscathed. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) slightly revised its forecasts for the Spanish economy upwards this Tuesday and estimates that it will grow 2.6% this year, two-tenths of a percentage point more than it anticipated in June, and 2% in 2026, one-tenth more than expected.

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) unemployment rate remained at 4.9% in July, in line with June figures, the organization for advanced economies reported Thursday. Thus, unemployment in the OECD has now been at or below 5% for 39 consecutive months. In July, unemployment remained unchanged in 20 OECD countries for which data are available, decreased in 11, and increased in two.

A decade without improvements in student-teacher ratios in the first stage of secondary school across Spain. Between 2013 and 2023, there were no changes in the average number of students per class in the first and second years of compulsory secondary education, which remained at 25. This means that the number of adolescents per class in Spain exceeds the European Union (EU) average of 21 and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

The gross domestic product (GDP, the indicator of economic growth) of the OECD as a whole, which groups the world's most industrialized countries, grew by 0.4% during the second quarter, which represents a significant rebound after the 0.2% of the first quarter. This is mainly explained by the improvement in figures from the United States, although the data published this Wednesday by the entity also contributed to this.

US President Donald Trump's trade policy is already having a direct impact on the global economy. "The global outlook is deteriorating further," the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) warned in its semi-annual report on Tuesday.think tankof the most advanced economies). In a "difficult and uncertain" context due to the US tariff war, the Paris-based organization has slightly revised down Spanish GDP growth for this year to 2.4%, two-tenths less than expected at the beginning of the year and almost a point less than last year's growth (3.2%).

The trade war launched by US President Donald Trump will have consequences for the global economy and also for the US. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)think tankof the most advanced economies) has lowered this Monday its GDP growth forecasts for the world, the United States, the Eurozone and countries particularly affected by the increase in tariffs imposed by Trump, such as Canada and Mexico, for 2025. Spain, once again, stands out and will grow more than expected.

Gonzalo Delacámara is an economist and international expert on water security. He is a water policy advisor to the European Commission, the OECD, the World Bank and the UN and a professor at IE University.

Amazon, the well-known e-commerce company, did not pay any corporate tax in 2020 in eight European countries, including Spain, where it had a total turnover of more than 44,000 million euros. How did it do it? Well, by paying tax only in Luxembourg, where the parent company of the European subsidiaries is based. This is a legal but clearly unfair practice, since it deprives the states where a large part of the economic activity takes place from obtaining resources through taxes. On the other hand, this money is concentrated in low-tax countries, such as Luxembourg, which practise tax dumping. This is what the agreement of 136 countries representing 90% of the world's GDP to apply a minimum corporate tax rate of 15% for multinationals with a turnover of more than 750 million euros aims to avoid.

After years of negotiations, 136 countries around the world - including Ireland, the United States, China and India - agreed on Friday to implement a global Google tax that will apply to all multinationals. There are still details to be finalised, but the principle of agreement is firm: a global minimum corporate tax of 15% is being pushed through. When the new global tax framework is implemented, all companies with a turnover of more than 750 million euros per year - not just tech giants like Google, Amazon, or Facebook - will have to pay this 15% in the countries where they generate revenue. The measure seeks to put an end to schemes used by multinationals to pay less tax by shifting profits to countries with very low taxation.